HISTOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF PULP AFTER CHEMICAL AND LASER TEETH WHITENING
Keywords:
Key words - vital teeth whitening, oxidation. laser,Abstract
Tooth discolorations are multifactorial dental diseases caused by external and internal factors.
Whitening/bleaching of vital teeth is carried out by different methods, thus the strength of the bleaching agent, hydrogen peroxide or carbamide peroxide, may range from 10%-40%. The basic reaction of bleaching is the chemical process of oxidation, which leads to penetration of oxygen molecules through the enamel and dentin. This reaction also raises the question of what happens to the dental pulp as the most important tissue in the teeth. Therefore, we performed after applying 35% hydrogen peroxide for chemical and laser teeth whitening at different time intervals. The changes in the pulp were more pronounced with laser bleaching especially within 30 seconds of laser whitening. Among the alterations of the pulp tissue, dilatation of blood vessels was observed, as well as disruption in the sequence of the odontoblastic layer.
References
Cintra LTA, Benetti F, da Silva Facundo AC, Ferreira LL, Gomes-Filho JE, Ervolino E, et al. The number of bleaching sessions influences pulp tissue damage in rat teeth. J Endod 2013; 39(12): 1576-1580. doi: 10.1016/j.joen.2013.08.007.
Marin PD, Bartold PM, Heithersay GS. Tooth discoloration by blood: an in vitro histochemical study. Endod Dent Traumatol 1997; 13(3): 132-138. doi: 10.1111/j. 1600-9657.1997.tb00026.x.
Costa CA, Riehl H, Kina JF, Sacono NT, Hebling J. Human pulp responses to in-office tooth bleaching. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 2010; 109(4): e59-e64. doi: 10.1016/j.tripleo.2009.12.002.
Soares DG, Basso FG, Hebling J, de Souza Costa CA. Concentrations of and application protocols for hydrogen peroxide bleaching gels: effects on pulp cell viability and whitening efficacy. J Dent 2014; 42(2): 185-198. doi: 10.1016/j. jdent.2013.10.021.
Soares DG, Basso FG, Scheffel DS, Hebling J, de Souza Costa CA. Responses of human dental pulp cells after application of a low-concentration bleaching gel to enamel. Arch Oral Biol 2015; 60 (9): 1428-36. doi: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2015.06.014.
Wu TT, Li LF, Du R, Jiang L, Zhu YQ. Hydrogen peroxide induces apoptosis in human dental pulp cells via caspase-9 dependent pathway. J Endod 2013; 39(9): 1151-1155. doi: 10.1016/j.joen.2013.06.006.
Hanks CT, Fat JC, Wataha JC, Corcoran JF. Cytotoxicity and Dentin Permeability of Carbamide Peroxide and Hydrogen Peroxide Vital Bleaching Materials, in vitro. Journal of Dental Research 1993; 72(5):931-938. doi: 10.1177/00220345930720051501C.
Cohen SC. Human pulpal response to bleaching procedures on vital teeth. J Endod 1979; 5(5): 134-138. doi: 10.1016/s0099-2399(79)80033-3.
da Costa C et al . Dental pulp vascular permeability changes induced by dental bleaching .Braz.A.of B.T.2012. doi.org/10.1590/S1516-89132012000100006
Baik JW, Rueggeberg FA, Liewehr FR. Effect of light-enhanced bleaching on in vitro surface and intrapulpal temperature rise. J Esthet Restor Dent 2001; 13(6): 370-378. doi: 10.1111/j.1708-8240.2001.tb01022.x.
White JM, Surface and pulpal temperature comparison of tooth whitening using laser and curing lights. Proceedings of SPIE,n°3910, 2000, doi:10.1117/12.380813
Sulieman M. An over view of tooth bleaching tehnigues: chemistry, safety and efficacy. J.Periodontology 155 ; 2000. doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0757.2008.00258.x
Sulieman M et al. Surface and pulp chamber temperature rises during tooth bleaching using a diode laser: a study in vitro. British Dental J 2006; vol.200: 631-634. PMID: 16767142; doi: 10.1038/sj.bdj.4813644
Michida SM, Passos SP, Marimoto AR, Garakis MC, de Araújo MA. Intrapulpal temperature variation during bleaching with various activation mechanisms. J Appl Oral Sci 2009; 17(5): 436-439. doi: 10.1590/s1678-77572009000500016.
Nathanson D. Vital tooth bleaching: sensitivity and pulpal considerations. J Am Dent Assoc 1997; 128 Suppl: 41S-44S. doi: 10.14219/jada.archive.1997.0423.
Fugaro JO, Nordahl I, Fugaro OJ, Matis BA, Mjör IA. Pulp reaction to vital bleaching. Oper Dent 2004; 29(4): 363-368. PMID: 15279473.
Gerlach RW, Zhou X. Vital bleaching with whitening strips: summary of clinical research on effectiveness and tolerability. J Contemp Dent Pract 2001; 2(3): 1-6. PMID: 12167923 DOI:10.5005/jcdp-2-3-28.
Kwon SR, Dawson DV, Wertz PW. Time Course of Potassium Nitrate Penetration into the Pulp Cavity and the Effect of Penetration Levels on Tooth Whitening Efficacy. J Esthet Restor Dent 2016; 28 Suppl 1: S14-S22. doi: 10.1111/jerd.12192.
Llena C, Collado-Gonzalez M, Garcia-Bernal D, Onate Sanchez RE, Martinez CM, Moraleda JM, et al. Comparison of diffusion, cytotoxicy and tissue inflammatory reactions of four commercial bleaching products against human dental pulp stem cells. Sci Rep 2019; 9(1): 7743. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-44223-1.
Downloads
Published
Versions
- 2023-07-06 (2)
- 2023-06-16 (1)
