FRAMINGHAM RISK SCORE IN DEFINED GROUPS OF WORKERS
Keywords:
cardiovascular disease, Framingham Risk Score, risk factors, working population, workloadAbstract
The Framingham Risk Score (FRS) is a multivariable system for risk assessment of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in the next 10 years.
Aim. To determine and to compare the risk of CVD by calculating the FRS in four groups of workers classified according to the current International Labor Organization classification.
In a cross-sectional study, 356 workers classified into four groups according to skills, work tasks and workloads at their workplace, i.e., Group 1 including manual workers to Group 4 including workers with dominantly intellectual work, were included. The FRS was calculated by software application using data of risk factors for CVD development and categorized as low (risk of CVD lower than 10%), moderate (10-20%) and high (higher than 20%).
The mean FRS value for the whole study sample was 10.3 ± 9.3% indicating low to moderate CVD risk in the next 10 years. The highest value of FRS was registered among study subjects of Group 1 (14.3%) which was significantly higher compared to the mean values registered in Groups 2 (10.9%), 3 (10.8%) and 4 (6.7%).
The highest risk of CVD development was registered among manual workers, while the lowest one in the group of workers with dominantly intellectual work.
References
World Health Organization. Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs); 2021. Available at: https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/cardiovascular-diseases-(cvds) (Accessed 18.01.2022)
Amouyel P, Deverly A. Global cardiovascular risk: definition, evaluation and management strategies. Round table no. 1. XV. Therapie 2000; 55(4): 533-539. PMID: 11098732.
Payne RA. Cardiovascular risk. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2012; 74(3): 396-410. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2125.2012.04219.x.
Rossello X, Dorresteijn JA, Janssen A, Lambrinou E, Scherrenberg M, Bonnefoy-Cudraz E, et al. Risk prediction tools in cardiovascular disease prevention: A report from the ESC Prevention of CVD Programme led by the European Association of Preventive Cardiology (EAPC) in collaboration with the Acute Cardiovascular Care Association (ACCA) and the Association of Cardiovascular Nursing and Allied Professions (ACNAP). Eur J Prev Cardiol 2019; 26(14): 1534-1544. doi: 10.1177/2047487319846715.
D’agostino RB, Vasan RS, Pencina MJ, Wolf PA, Cobain M, Massaro JM, et al. General cardiovascular risk profile for use in primary care. The Framingham Heart Study. Circulation 2008; 117(6): 743-753. doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.107.699579.
International Standard Classification of Occupations: ISCO-08. International Labour Office- Geneva: ILO, 2012.
Framingham Risk Score Calculator (2008). Available at: https://reference. medscape.com/calculator/252/framingham-risk-score-2008 (Accessed 24.03.2021).
Guidelines for medical care in arterial hypertension. Cardiology. Guidelines for the Practice of Evidence-Based Medicine. Ministry of Health. Last revision November, 2015.
British Cardiac Society. JBS 2: Joint British Societies’ guidelines on prevention of cardiovascular disease in clinical practice. Heart 2005; 91(Suppl 5): v1-v52. doi: 10.1136/hrt.2005.079988.
Framingham Risk Assessment Tool – Men and Women. Available at: www.clevelandclinic.org (Accessed 20.12.2021).
Zwaard АЈ, Geraedts A, Norder G, Heymans MW, Roelen CAM. Framingham score and work-related variables for predicting cardiovascular disease in the working population. Eur J Public Health 2019; 29(5): 832-837. doi: 10.1093/eurpub/ckz008.
Sánchez-Chaparro MA, Román-García J, Calvo-Bonacho E, Gómez-Larios T, Fernández-Meseguer A, Sáinz-Gutiérrez JC, et al. Prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors in the spanish working population. Rev Esp Cardiol 2006; 59(5): 421-430. PMID: 16750139.
Minov J, Karadzinska-Bislimovska J, Vasilevska K, Stoleski S, Mijakoski D. Exercise-related respiratory symptoms and exercise-induced bronchoconstriction in industrial bakers. Arch Enviorn Occup Helath 2013; 68(4): 235-242. doi: 10.1080/19338244.2012.701249.
Klifova K. Assessment of the health status and working ability of car workers in the automotive industry working at height. Specialist topic, 2021.
Nakhaie MR, Koor BE, Salehi SO, Karimpour F. Prediction of cardiovascular disease risk using framingham risk score among office workers, Iran, 2017. Saudi J Kidney Dis Transpl 2018; 29(3): 608-614. doi: 10.4103/1319-2442.235179.
Parashar M, Dwivedi S, Agarwalla R, Kishore J, Shaikh Z. Risk factors for cardiovascular diseases among male workers of building construction site in Delhi. J Clin Prev Cardiol 2017; 6(3): 99-103. doi: 10.4103/JCPC.JCPC_44_16.
Mannocci A, Pignalosa S, Saulle R, Sernia S, De Sanctis S, Consentino M, et al. Prevalence of major cardiovascular risk factors among oil and gas and energy company workers. Ann Ist Super Sanita 2015; 51(2): 148-153. doi: 10.4415/ANN_15_02_13.
Mohamed AS, Dia SA, Ndoye EO, Cisse G, Gaye Fall MC, Diaby A, et al. Screening of Cardiovascular Risk Factors among Workers of a Construction Company in a Developing Country, Senegal. Medical Journal of Zambia 2017; 44(2): 75-77. eISSN: 0047-651X; print ISSN: 0047-651X.
Minov J. Chronic non-communicable diseases and the working population in R. Macedonia. Second congress on occupational medicine of R. Macedonia with international participation. Skopje, 2016.
Rezaei F, Seif M, Gandomkar A, Fattahi MR, Hasanzadeh J. Agreement between laboratory-based and non-laboratory-based Framingham risk score in Southern Iran. Sci Rep 2021; 11(1): 10767.
Brandão MP, Sa-Couto P, Gomes G, Beça P, Reis J. Factors Associated with Cardiovascular Disease Risk among Employees at a Portuguese Higher Education Institution. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2022; 19(2): 848. doi: 10.3390/ijerph19020848.
Prasanth NV, Najiya Saheer V, Naina Paul M, Najla PK, Nizar Mohamed KP. A study on impact of patient counseling and education on quality of life in patients with metabolic syndrome. Clinical Epidemiology And Global Health 2018; 3(7): 357-362. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cegh.2018.08.005.
Pyakurel P, Karki P, Lamsal M, Ghimire A, Pokharel PK. Cardiovascular risk factors among industrial workers: a cross-sectional study from eastern Nepal. J Occup Med Toxicol 2016; 11: 25. doi: 10.1186/s12995-016-0109-6.
Thabit H, Burns N, Shah S, Brema I, Crowley V, Finnegan F, et al. Prevalence and predictors of diabetes and cardiometabolic risk among construction workers in Ireland: the Construction Workers Health Trust screening study. Diab Vasc Dis Res 2013; 10(4): 337-345. doi: 10.1177/1479164113479808.
Cezar-Vaz MR, Bonow CA, de Mello MCVA, Xavier DM, Vaz JC, Schimith MD. Use of Global Risk Score for Cardiovascular Evaluation of Rural Workers in Southern Brazil. ScientificWorldJournal 2018; 2018: 3818065. doi: 10.1155/2018/3818065.
Holtermann A, Hansen JV, Burr H, Søgaard K, Sjøgaard G. The health paradox of occupational and leisure-time physical activity. Br J Sports Med 2012; 46(4): 291-295. doi: 10.1136/bjsm.2010.079582.
Virkkunen H, Härmä M, Kauppinen T Tenkanen L. The triad of shift work, occupational noise, and physical workload and risk of coronary heart disease. Occup Environ Med 2006; 63(6): 378-386. doi: 10.1136/oem.2005.022558.
Downloads
Published
Versions
- 2023-07-06 (2)
- 2023-06-16 (1)
